How to Craft a PhD Research Proposal

How to Craft a PhD Research Proposal If you are contemplating taking your academic career to the next level and completing a PhD in the chosen field of study, then it is important to begin thinking about how you are going to present your proposal. In this article, we will explain the requirements of a PhD research proposal and walk you through the key steps that you will need to follow preparing your proposal. What is a PhD Research Proposal? Not every academic field of study will require the same format of a proposal if you are applying for a PhD program. In more technical subjects such as science, engineering, or medicine, the institution that you are applying to will most likely follow an interview process to determine whether you will be a good fit for one of their existing research teams. In the fields of humanities and social sciences, research is generally conducted on an individual basis, and it is in these fields where you will most likely be expected to submit a detailed and formal PhD research proposal. Below are the key elements that you should include in your research proposal. Step 1: Title At this stage of the process, this will only be a working title for your subject matter, but use a title that is clear and concisely illustrates the subject of your research. Step 2: Rationale In this section, you should outline the background and rationale for your proposed subject matter. You need to be able to give context regarding the background and issues within which your research will sit. You also need to be able to articulate the aims and objectives of your research. In this section, you should also detail the parameters that you have set for your proposed research and the rationale for setting those parameters. Step 3: Research Question Here, you need to be able succinctly and precisely define the research question that you will be addressing. You also need to demonstrate confidence that the research question you are addressing will be able to be answered within the timeframe that you have available. Step 4: Methodology You need to describe the methodology that you will use to conduct your research as well as the theoretical framework within which you are working. This is quite an important part of your proposal. You need to demonstrate that not only is the research approach that you are proposing is sound, but you also have to address any ethical considerations as well as the practicality of delivering meaningful results from the research you are undertaking. Step 5: Literature Review In this section, you need to demonstrate that you have an understanding of the work that has already been completed on this subject. Acknowledge the main academic contributions that have already been made, and outline how the research that you are proposing will add to the knowledge and understanding of the chosen subject. Step 6: Qualifications This is important to demonstrate that you have the skills and experiences to undertake and deliver this research. Think of this section as your academic CV. Step 7: Publication Research of this nature has value if it is able to be published in a relevant academic journal. Demonstrate that you have considered how your work will be published once completed. Undertaking PhD research is a major milestone in your academic career. Make sure you set yourself up for success by understanding all of the requirements and how to present yourself as a high-quality candidate with the drive and determination to deliver the results required. 5.00 avg. rating (2 votes)

A Study of Mexican Americans Essay

Mexican Americans are Americans whose original homeland is Mexico. Ten percent of the current population of United States of America is made up of people from Mexico. Most Mexican Americans are descendants of early indigenous Mexican immigrants (De Leon 41). Mexicans have been migrating into United States of America for a long time and they still migrate into the country to date. Extensive migration of Mexicans into America however started in the 1880s when a rail-road network was built in the south-western sides of America that linked America to the northern part of Mexico. Though the rail road transformed the economy of both areas, it led to the decline of the Mexican entrepreneurship. This led to increased immigration from Mexico to the United States of America and by 1900; more than 130,000 Mexican immigrants had entered the US. They started spreading to non Hispanic areas and by 1915, Mexican Americans had settled as far as Chicago and Kansas City. The First World War spurred economic growth in America which led to increased labour requirements (Hero 16). There was a labour vacuum in America and this led employers to seek workers from the south leading to a wave of what is called labour immigration of Mexicans to United States of America. Mexicans migrated into American labour sectors especially into the urban Midwest cities and the rapidly growing cities in the south-west. This migration was reversed in the 1930s during the great depression. At this time, there were more than half a million Mexicans in United States of America and most of them lost their jobs due to the depression. The American government embarked on a mission of deporting undocumented Mexican aliens while some of the legal migrants were also repatriated to their countries (Gonzalez 89). Immigration of Mexicans to United States of America resumed in the forties when United States of America declared war. Mexicans enthusiastically migrated to America to enrol in almost all the branches of the armed forced and those who were not enlisted in the army engaged in the home front efforts. Women also crossed over to the United States to work in the war industry. After the war, there was another period of economic prosperity in United States of America and labour requirements were high. The fifties therefore saw unprecedented levels of Mexicans into America where tens of thousands were recruited to work in agricultural and rail-road sectors. Since 1965, Migration of Mexicans into United States of America has continued unabated. However, due to economic decline of Mexico in the eighties and nineties, there has been a big wave of illegal immigration into United States of America which has seriously hurt America socially, culturally and economically. America has tried to enact regulations to stem the illegal immigration of Mexicans into the country but such efforts have not been successful. Unlike many other ethnic groups in America that are concentrated in some specific areas, Mexicans are widely distributed all over the country though there are some states like Los Angeles that carry the largest number of Mexican Americans.   There are more than six million Mexicans in the Greater LA area. The second largest Mexican community lives in Chicago, Illinois where there are more than two million Americans of Mexican descent. The third largest population of these people is found in Houston and San Antonio in the state of Texas. Half of the population of the city of San Antonio is actually made up of Americans. Mo re than half of the city of El Paso in Texas is composed of Mexican Americans due to its proximity to the Mexican border. The state of Arizona also has a significant number of Mexican Americans given that it is the state that shares the largest border with Mexico (Gonzalez 78). It is worth noting that most Mexican Americans are found in the states of California, Texas, Illinois and Arizona but other areas like Denver in Colorado and Sacramento also have large populations of Mexican Americans. However, cities in the East and the North are not immensely habited by the Mexicans. There are very few Mexicans in New Jersey, New York, Washington, Ohio and Arkansas. It is also worth noting that Mexican Americans, unlike other ethnic groups in America have restricted themselves to the cities and it’s only in the state of Arizona and Texas where they can be found in the countryside. The historical status of the Mexicans Americans has changed only slightly in the past few decades. Though the Mexicans have been accepted as whites in United States of America, they seem to attract more hatred from the American natives than other ethnic groups in this world power nation. The number of hate groups targeting Mexicans in United States of America has increased considerably in the twenty first century mainly because of the thorny issue of illegal immigration and the anti-Mexican sentiment. According to FBI statistics, 67 percent of crimes directed towards ethnic groups target the Mexican Americans and the number of hate crimes directed towards Latinos of Mexican origin doubling every year in the states of California. These statistics therefore asserts that Mexican Americans may be the most endangered ethnic groups in United States of America. This means that their current status may be even worse than it has been through their entire history of settlement in united states of America . Works Cited De Leà ³n, Arnold. Mexican Americans in Texas: A Brief History WA: Sage. 1999 Gonzalez, Nancy. The Spanish-Americans of New Mexico: A Heritage of Pride .NY: McGraw-Hill, 1969 Hero, Rodney. Latinos and the U.S. Political System. NJ: Pearson, 1992

Propaganda In Beowulf - 1007 Words

Is Beowulf a work of Christian propaganda? Yes and no! Propaganda is defined as â€Å"any systematic, widespread dissemination or promotion of particular ideas, doctrines, practices, etc. to further ones cause or to damage an opposing one.† An unethical attempt to persuade people to advance their own goals, motives, and perception towards others so that they can alter the Journey of Beowulf and the positive light he brings upon society against evil. Beowulf contains many Christian references throughout its story which was dated back to 1000 after Christ; the unknown author of Beowulf had a familiarization with Christian beliefs which is exhibited in the tale. Beowulf is a representation of good deeds fighting against evil†¦show more content†¦God sent his son Jesus to help the people and bring peace to the land with the truth, love, and kindness which is displayed in God’s message and actions towards others which is visible in Beowulf’s epic tale. B oth should be viewed as heroes; Jesus to the Jews and Beowulf to the Danes! What is the relationship between religion and magic in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight? Magic and religion don’t usually go hand and hand, but there is some harmony that coexists between the two subjects throughout the epic story. Magic symbolism is repeated in the legend and the images of a pentagram which represents magic. The five points of the pentagram symbolize Spirit, Earth, Water, Fire, and Air which are elements used in witchcraft! The pentagram in a religious point of view represents the five wounds that Jesus had on the Cross. A green magic girdle which was a present Green Knight’s wife gave to Sir Gawain that promised immortality. Religious symbolism such as Christmas during the story which brings the celebration of the birth of Jesus and the positive message of God’s word to all of the land. Everybody at Camelot was celebrating before magic appeared as the Green Knight to defy the king into a battle. Gawain is a devoted Christian; he prays to G od and relies on him to help him through his mission of finding the Green Knight as he offered to protect his uncle, theShow MoreRelatedBeowulf as Christian Propaganda1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe literary work of Beowulf is believed, by many, to contain numerous attributes of Christian propaganda. Throughout the story of Beowulf, there are several circumstances and coincidences that distinctly relate to the Christian belief system. One can only imagine that these ideas of Christian propaganda; which include the use of Christian themes and beliefs in works of literary art, were strategically placed throughout the story of Beowulf to help the conversion from the old world pagan religiousRead MoreSimilarities Between Beowulf And Grendel1433 Words   |  6 Pagesthe novels Beowulf and Grendel, I was interested in how the stories told from different perspectives were influenced by the religion. Beowulf is the hero and savior from all the monsters and Grendel is one of the monsters sla in by Beowulf. From a religious standpoint Beowulf is written very focused on religion; like Beowulf acknowledges that God is the reason he is able to slay all of the beasts. On the other hand we have Grendel; he believes that the world is how he defines it. Beowulf was writtenRead MoreThe Religious Themes Of The Epic Of Beowulf1485 Words   |  6 PagesIn Beowulf, two types of religion are portrayed by one unknown author, and play an important role in the interpretation of the epic poem. Paganism is one of the religions that are portrayed in the epic, and it is speculated that before it was written and recorded that the work was actually focused around a Pagan belief system before the Christian coloring and allusions were added. Christianity is the second religion being portrayed in this Epic Poem. It is theorized that a monk was the one that addedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Dream Of The Rood 1727 Words   |  7 Pagesworth 20 points, for a total of 100 points. You may answer in an y order you wish. . . (1) Our book includes Dream of the Rood (or cross); you can find it on pages 32-36. In your view, does this poem help us better to understand and interpret Beowulf? Should they be assigned together? In The Dream of the Rood, the Cross shows a vas sort of fidelity to Christ all through the whole torturous killing. This effective scene indicates Jesus baring himself and climbing onto the cross. He does this withRead MoreAnalysis Of Grendel s Grendel 977 Words   |  4 PagesMalchow argued the â€Å"intention of the evangelical abolitionists may have been to portray the black slave as ‘a man and a brother’† (Malchow 98). The abolitionist propaganda was to get the pro-slavery’s attention while Grendel tries to get the Danes’ to accept him. After all those fatal battles between Beowulf and Grendel, in the end Beowulf calls upon Grendel his â€Å"brother† which not only refers to the Cain and Abel story, Adam and Eve’s son, but, the term manages to bring Grendel closer to humankindRead MoreThe King of Kings2050 Words   |  8 Pageskeep his oath†. So too, does loyalty play an important role in the epic of Beowulf. Beowulf is de serted by all, but one of his thanes in his final battle against the dragon. The loyal thane Wiglaf lectures his former comrades on their disgrace and dishonor. Beowulf, he insists was their â€Å"friend-lord†, so death should have been preferable to deserting him. Wiglaf insists this crime was especially severe, because Beowulf had shown them immense generosity The Anglo-Saxon political order was â€Å"foundedRead MoreThe Between Saxons And Franks1637 Words   |  7 Pagessociety and how Christianity shaped the Western Europe. It had impacts everywhere: politics, science, economy. Even Beowulf, which is a poem about the Danish hero has Christian ideas and values. The interesting note here is Beowulf was written between 975 and 1025, which is just appears to be the period of Capitulary of Saxony. What if the poem was the first documented piece of propaganda in literature, which was ordered by Charlemagne? As for conclusion, I have to say that Capitulary of Saxony wasRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 Pagesin a line of verse. There are four basic kinds of meter: Accentual (strong-stress) meter: The number of stressed syllables in a line is fixed, but the number of total syllables is not. This kind of meter is common in Anglo-Saxon poetry, such as Beowulf. Gerard Manley Hopkins developed a form of accentual meter called sprung rhythm, which had considerable influence on 20th-century poetry. Syllabic meter: The number of total syllables in a line is fixed, but the number of stressed syllables is notRead More My Philosophy and Theory about English Teaching Essay5341 Words   |  22 Pages as students will be able to choose literature from a diverse group of writers that speak of experiences different than the students in my classroom. This is not to say that my classroom will become, as Bertonneau argues, a forum for political propaganda; rather it will be a microcosm of the world around us - even if the makeup of the students is not. Knowing the social boundaries of my community - and sometimes gently pushing them through multicultural authors and ideas - is part of my theory

An Economy Or Economic System - 1174 Words

An economy or economic system consists of the production, distribution or trade, and consumption of limited goods and services by different agents in a given geographical location. The economic agents can be individuals, businesses, organizations, or governments. Transactions occur when two parties agree to the value or price of the transacted good or service, commonly expressed in a certain currency. In the past, economic activity was theorized to be bounded by natural resources, labor, and capital. This view ignores the value of technology, and innovation, especially that which produces intellectual property. A given economy is the result of a set of processes that involves its culture, values, education, technological evolution, history, social organization, political structure and legal systems, as well as its geography, natural resource endowment, and ecology, as main factors. These factors give context, content, and set the conditions and parameters in which an economy functions. The largest national economies by continent are: the United States in the Americas, Germany in Europe, Nigeria in Africa, China in Asia and Australia in Oceania. A market-based economy is where goods and services are produced without obstruction or interference, and exchanged according to demand and supply between participants by barter or a medium of exchange with a credit or debit value accepted within the network, such as a unit of currency and at some free market or market clearingShow MoreRelatedThe Economic System Of A Mixed Economy System Essay874 Words   |  4 Pagesaround the world, including Canada, rely on a mixed market economy system in which the allocation of most resources, goods and services is determined by supply and demand through markets and prices. This system has many flaws, including environmental damage, high income inequality both within and between countries, resource depletion and so on. When I think of alternative economic system, I have to go back to the basics of mixed economic system, what actually is and what it does. In every kind of societyRead MoreEconomic System And Its Impact On The Economy Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pages7. Some Specifics: Economy Even though the economic system is not specifically targeted in this model, there would be large changes in the economy if this system was truly actualized and if the Christian population exemplified their beliefs. In the early Church, â€Å"no one claimed private ownership of any possessions, but everything they owned was held in common† (Acts 4:32). If Christians were to follow this model today, then they would not lead a capitalist economy. Instead of competition, everythingRead MoreThe Economic Crisis Of The Financial Systems Within Developed Countries Affected Economies Across The World2024 Words   |  9 PagesTask 1 The economic crisis which erupted from the financial systems within developed countries affected all economies across the world. There was a significant amount of job losses, company bankruptcies and cuts in incomes and budgets (McKibben, Stockel 2009). Companies were focusing on sales growth which took urgency over most workplace including learning and development and many trying to decide what was important in terms of return on investment (Dullien et al 2010). Training and developmentRead MoreFour Different Economic Systems and Which One I Think Best Suits South Africas Mixed Economy1448 Words   |  6 Pagesthe three key economic questions has lead to the evolvement of four different economics systems which i will critically analyse in this assignment. Furthermore, i will be critically discussing South Africa as a mixed economy as to why it is characterized as a mixed economy and the suitability of the economic system for the current economic conditions. â€Å"A government is not need to ensure the whole society’s welll-being† Adman Smith. 2.LITERARY REVIEW OF THE FOUR ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 2.1. TraditionalRead MoreBusiness Environment Economic Systems, Fiscal Monetary Policies, Cc Regulatory Bodies, International Trade British Economy, Global Factors Impact on British Organisations, Analysis Implications Joining Eu5548 Words   |  23 PagesTask 1: a) Explain how different economic systems attempt to allocate scarce resources. Outline the economic system of the UK. The allocation of resources is an economic theory concerned with the discovery of how nations, companies or individuals distribute economic resources or inputs in the economic marketplace. Traditional business inputs are land, labour and capital. There are three major systems that can be distinguished in many parts of the world economy within these basic models there willRead MoreThe essay is about the pros and cons of various economic systems and the governments influence within them. The title can be stated as: To what extent should the government regulate the economy ?1622 Words   |  7 PagesIn a public enterprise economy, the government has the power to nationalize any or all industries which can lead to devastating consequences. One the countries famous for doing this was the Soviet Union. Joseph Stalin, the then dictator of the Soviet Union instituted two domestic policies that would eliminate any capitalism in Russia. He would institute rapid industrialization and the collectivization of agriculture.This would be known as the Five Year Plan. Stalin wanted to change all private ownedRead MoreWhy to Use Market Economy Essay749 Words   |  3 PagesThere are four types of economy, command, market, mixed, and traditio nal. A command economy is an economy where government control the economy. In market economy is there is a minimum amount of government control. A mixed economy is an economy that blends command and market economy together. A traditional economy is an economic system that is often used in rural areas. Among these four economic system, Mr.Robbins should use market economy for his new island, because market economy bring many benefitsRead MoreMixed Economic Systems760 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic system of a country Identify and evaluate the economic system that Malaysia is adopting. Discuss the rationale of Malaysia’s economic system in terms of utility maximisation and pricing mechanism for distribution of goods and services. An economic system is the combination of the various agencies, and entities that provide the economic structure that defines the social community. Malaysia has adopting mixed economic systems. Mixed economic system is an economy where there is moreRead MoreThe Problem Of National Self Reliance Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pagesseems that economics reveals the weakness in humanity s attempts to both unite as one larger whole, and to maintain separate national identities. Efforts to create a unified front, are slow and challenged by Westphalian conceptions of state sovereignty. Efforts to preserve states individuality and self-reliance reveal the human suffering that was commonplace before globalization began to smooth out the economic extremes experienced in localized areas. All politics, and economics, are local butRead MoreIntroduction A system is a network of parts which interlock to form an overall pattern. An economic1500 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A system is a network of parts which interlock to form an overall pattern. An economic system is a pattern of organisation which is aimed at solving the three central questions discussed in the previous sections. Economic systems do not always work well, but they are often so vast and complicated that it is quiet marvellous that they work at all. Mohr Fourie.(2008. P42). Scarcity is the fundamental challenge confronting all individuals and nations. We cannot always get what we want

Graduation Speech Education And Education - 1420 Words

Every fall, millions of students return to school to learn about math and science, English and history, every weekday until summer finally returns. Year after year, the same fundamental classes return and, time after time, seem to faintly impact the students. Schools have been designed so you learn the same information, slightly more in depth, from kindergarten to senior year. What about topics that would further the student in their future after graduation? Schools emphasize the same core subjects throughout the years, but not the real life obstacles millions of millions of people face. What if schools required classes on survival, job interviewing skills, studying, how to pass the SAT- all classes which would further students in their†¦show more content†¦In the movie, The Perfect Score, six teenagers who have so much pressure placed on them to get into a certain college, conspire to steal the answers Bielema 2 to the SAT, so they can all get high scores. Another aspect of college many students are not prepared for is the way the classes are taught and the depth of information. From lecture after lecture to brand new information, college can be quite a shock from high school and can cause many students to do badly their first semester. High schools should format their classes the way most colleges do in an attempt to prepare students for college. When I started taking classes at New River Community College it was quite different than what high school had been. The course was Pre-Calculus, which I had completed in high school. However, the work load in the college class was much higher and the pace was much faster. You had no time in class to work, the teacher rarely had time to answer all questions, and a lot of the information was brand new to me. However, with the information I did already have, I was able to follow her notes and have a better understanding of the information. F inally, the structured format of school does not prepare students well for online classes- another aspect of college. From balancing their time between class and personal life, many students wait until the last day to finish everything. This causes bad grades, a ton of stress, and most of all teaches the

Pay for Performance Free Essays

Pay for Performance Park University Overview Incentive pay, also known as â€Å"pay for performance† is generally given for specific performance results rather than simply for time worked. While incentives are not the answer to all personnel challenges, they can do much to increase worker performance. (Billikopf) Performance pay has various names: merit pay, pay for performance, knowledge-and-skill- based pay, or individual or group incentive pay. We will write a custom essay sample on Pay for Performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Delisio) Pay for performance systems have further been proven to have two advantages for organizations: attracting more high-quality employees and motivating employees to exert more effort at their jobs. (Gordon, Kaswin) This paper will show the positive benefits of performance pay as well as some steps to implement the pay for performance program. Productivity Implications Companies that have switched from salaries to individual incentives have increased productivity dramatically—some by as much as 44 percent. Linking pay to performance not only motivates but also helps to recruit and retain the most talented employees. New graduates seek to join organizations that make use of performance-related rewards, and they have long-term loyalty to these organizations. The use of performance pay has also grown in popularity, as 67 percent of companies offer some form of performance pay to employees below the executive level. Likewise, the practice of compensating managers below the senior executive level with stock options and other forms of long-term incentives has risen dramatically. This is because performance-sensitive pay aligns the interest of all levels of employees with the interests of shareholders. (Gordon, Kaswin) Implementing a pay for performance system has been shown to resolve organizational problems because it aligns the preferences of firms and employees. In addition, creating a pay for performance system serves as a sorting mechanism to identify and attract the most capable employees. Gordon, Kaswin) The economic downturn has accentuated the need to contain compensation costs by holding down fixed-based salary expenses. To maintain competitive pay plans, an increasing number of companies are giving more employees across different job functions the opportunity to earn variable, performance-driven incentives for achieving individual and organizational goals. (Gordon, Kaswin) Pay for Performance Objectives Developing a pay for performance philosophy and strategy is easier when we understand what such an approach is intended to achieve. If effectively constructed, pay for performance compensation plans should help a company fulfill the following objectives: * Recruit and retain the highest quality employees * Communicate and reinforce the values, goals and objectives of the company * Engage employees in the organization’s success * Reward contributors for successful achievements (The VisionLink Advisory Group) Line of Sight Ultimately, the combination of rewards strategies that a company institutes should help to raw a correlation in the mind of the employees between interdependent elements: * Vision – where is this company going? * Strategy – how is it going to get there? * Roles and Expectations – what role does each key person have in that strategy and what is expected of him or her in that role? * Rewards – how will each employee be financially rewarded for the achievement of the expectations associated with his or her role    Pay for performance is the mechanism that is used to create this â€Å"line of sight† between related elements of company culture and purpose. In the final analysis, compensation needs to reinforce the behaviors that are desired within the strategy framework of the company in a way that is compelling enough to produce the desired performance. (The VisionLink Advisory Group) In adopting a rewards philosophy for how people will be remunerated for their contributions within an organization, a company has to determine what the right balance should be between short and long-term compensation and guaranteed versus performance compensation. Pivotal in that philosophy development is how and to what extent pay will be tied to specific types of performance. This issue will not be treated the same in every organization. However, every business should be able to identify certain performance objectives it wants its workforce to fulfill and the financial outcome that will be achieved if that result is attained. Such a projection can be translated into an increased shareholder value figure. (The VisionLink Advisory Group) Features of Effective Plans Top Management Support Supervisors must understand the incentive pay process in order to support and administer it. Oftentimes, a lack of understanding causes managers to ignore or adapt the process as they see fit. Moreover, if supervisors are not trained on how to measure performance, the process will not be standardized across the company. (Gordon, Kaswin) Having buy-in from key stakeholders is crucial for the success of an incentive pay system. For example, if top management does not support such a program, lower-level managers will place little importance on effectively administering the program. Hence, a lack of top management support often leads to a lack of accountability. (Gordon, Kaswin) Communication Consistent and methodical communication is necessary when implementing an incentive pay plan. It will ensure employees understand what is expected of them while decreasing the likelihood of morale problems that result from misinterpretations of how incentives are awarded. Gordon, Kaswin) Performance Management Oftentimes, a flawed performance management system is the main reason an incentive pay system in not successful. When designing a performance management process that will be linked with pay, it is imperative that both employees and managers know what the individual goals are, how they will be measured, and how they will be compensated when achieved. Managers must also be careful to ensure that there is adequate dif ferentiation between high and low performers. If mediocre employees are given an average merit increase, hey will perceive that their performance is adequate. Conversely, if excellent performers only receive a little more in incentive pay than average performers, they will perceive that the company does not value their performance. (Gordon, Kaswin) Appropriate Rewards The amount of incentive a company should offer to an individual depends on current income, amount of effort needed to invest, likelihood of obtaining the reward, acceptance of risk, equity of reward and contribution, and industry standards. A minimum for incentive pay is considered to be 5 to 15 percent of an individual’s base pay. (Gordon, Kaswin) Considerations before Implementing a Plan The best compensation plans take into account several key considerations. Before instituting a pay for performance system, companies should define which employees should be eligible for the program. Furthermore, it is important for companies to determine the role of equity in a total rewards framework from the perspectives of the employee and employer, as well as in terms of cost. Steps should be taken to (1) review the current objectives and purpose of the equity plan; (2) identify alternative rewards; (3) develop a communication plan for how the effectiveness of the program will be measured; (4) gather employees’ perspectives via surveys, focus groups, or internal research; (5) gather external market information; (6) determine the costs; (7) develop recommendations for design change; and (8) create the communication plan. The communication strategy for the program should encompass the value employees place on various rewards and how the changes will be perceived by employees. It should then monitor and manage employees’ reactions to the changes in their compensation structure. (Gordon, Kaswin) Objectives of a Broad-Based Incentive Plan When creating an incentive plan, the organization has to determine and clearly define the goals for the program. The objectives should be aligned with the business strategy. These goals should be utilized to shape the incentive plan as well as the expectations and objectives of individual employees. A main reason why incentive plans fail is because they are introduced as an inflexible process. The incentive plan should be first implemented on a small group of employees in order to determine the flaws and rectify them before implementing them across the enterprise. Once the plan is implemented, it should be regularly adapted. (Gordon, Kaswin) If companies want a pay for performance system, the firm should define the desired performance and establish methods of measuring it first. Then, connect goals for individuals, for business units, and for the company. Meanwhile, track everyone’s progress and periodically give back the data to raise everyone’s awareness of the program. Sixty-two percent of compensation professionals report that their organizations did not attempt to measure the return on investment of their compensation program. (Gordon, Kaswin) Conclusion Research indicates that broad-based incentive plans can be utilized as a means to encourage both employee performance and productivity. When implementing an incentive plan, several considerations are needed to ensure the plan is successful. However, it is important to note that incentive plans cannot ensure employee productivity by themselves. They must be coupled with effective human resources practices in order to ensure a successful work environment. These include determining the appropriate rewards, instituting comprehensive performance management systems, widespread and effective communication, as well as buy-in from top management to support the compensation plan. Over the past decade and increasingly in the past year, performance pay has become the standard as companies reward strong performance and lower overhead costs. This trend is expected to continue in the coming years. (Gordon, Kaswin) Like most things in business, compensation is something that requires evaluation, study, assessment, strategy, modeling and integration. Achieving a pay for performance culture does not happen without paying attention to the behaviors, activities, rewards and motivations that have to be linked and reinforced through a well-engineered and effectively executed process. And if that process does not tie rewards to shareholder financial objectives, employ the proper mix of compensation elements, result in meaningful dollars, embrace performance that employees can impact and are effectively communicated and reinforced, then the results it produces will likely fall short. (The VisionLink Advisory Group) Pay for performance systems need ngoing attention to keep them functioning properly. Organizational goals will change; performance goals and measures will become obsolete; performance may improve or decline; managers may make errors in evaluating performance or allocating rewards. For all these reasons and more, agencies need to monitor the operation and effectiveness of their pay for performance systems and modify them accor dingly. Only by giving the pay systems and related organizational requirements the ongoing attention that they warrant will agencies be able to obtain optimal results from their pay for performance systems. U. S. Merit Systems Protection Board) Works Cited Billikopf, Gregoria. (2001) Incentive Pay (Pay for Performance). The Regents of the University of California, retrieved from http://www. cnr. berkeley. edu/ucce50/ag-labor/7labor/08. htm The VisionLink Advisory Group, The Five Essentials of Pay for Performance, retrieved from http://www. vladvisors. com/images/PDF/VisionLink_Five-Essentials-Pay-For-Performance. pdf Gordon, A. A. , Kaswin, J. L. , Effective Employee Incentive Plans: Features and Implementation  Processes, Cornell HR Review, 2010, retrieved from http://cornellhrreview. rg/2010/05/31/effective-employee-incentive-plans-features-and-implementation-processes/ U. S. Merit Systems Protection Board, (2006) Designing an Effective Pay for Performance Compensation System. R etrieved from http://www. mspb. gov/netsearch/viewdocs. aspx? docnumber=224104;version=224323;application=ACROBAT Delisio, E. R. , Pay for Performance: What Are the Issues? , retrieved from http://www. educationworld. com/a_issues/issues/issues374a. shtml How to cite Pay for Performance, Essay examples

Memory Essay Paper Example For Students

Memory Essay Paper Word Count: 1384 is defined as the faculty bywhich sense impressions and information areretained in the mind and subsequently recalled. Apersons capacity to remember and the total storeof mentally retained impressions and knowledgealso formulate memory. (Webster, 1992) We allpossess inside our heads a system fordeclassifying, storing and retrieving informationthat exceeds the best computer capacity,flexibility, and speed. Yet the same system is solimited and unreliable that it cannot consistentlyremember a nine-digit phone number long enoughto dial it (Baddeley, 1993). The examination ofhuman behavior reveals that current activities areinescapably linked by memories. Generalcompetent (1993) behavior requires that certainpast events have effect on the influences in thepresent. For example, touching a hot stove wouldcause a burn and therefore memory would conveya message to not repeat again. All of this iseffected by the development of short-termmemory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). Memories can be positive, like memories ofgirlfriends and special events, or they can benegative, such as suppressed memories. Sexualabuse of children and Memory 3 adolescents isknown to cause severe psychological andemotional damage. Adults who were sexuallyabused in childhood are at a higher risk fordeveloping a variety of psychiatric disorders,anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and mooddisorders. To understand the essential issues abouttraumatic memory, the human minds response toa traumatic event must first be understood. Thememory is made up of many different sections witheach having different consequences on oneanother. Can people remember what they werewearing three days ago? Most likely no, becausethe memory only holds on to what is activelyremembered. What a person was wearing is notimportant so it is thrown out and forgotten. Thistype of unimportant information passes through theshort-term memory. Short-term memory is asystem for storing information over brief interv alsof time. (Squire, 1987) Its main characteristic isthe holding and understanding of limited amountsof information. The system can grasp brief ideaswhich would otherwise slip into oblivion, holdthem, relate them and understand them for its ownpurpose. (1987) Another aspect of STM wasintroduced by William James in 1890, under thename primary memory (Baddeley, 1993). Primary memory refers to the information thatforms the focus of current attention and thatoccupies the stream of thought. This informationdoes not need to be brought back to mind in orderto be used (1993). Compared to short-termmemory, primary memory Memory 4 places lessemphasis on time and more emphasis on the partsof attention, processing, and holding. No matterwhat it is called, this system is used when someonehears a telephone number and remembers it longenough to write it down. (Squire, 1987) Luckily, atelephone number only consists of seven digits orelse no one would be able to remember them. Most people can remember six or seven digitswhile others only four or five and some up to nineor ten. This is measured by a technique called thedigit span, developed by a London school teacher,J. Jacobs, in 1887. Jacobs took subjects (people),presented them with a sequence of digits andrequired them to repeat the numbers back in thesame order. The length of the sequence is steadilyincreased until a point is reached at which thesubject always fails. The part at which a person isright half the time is defined as their digit span. Away to improve a digit span is through rhythmwhich helps to reduce the tendency to recall thenumbers in the wrong order. Also, to make sure atelephone number is copied correctly, numberscan be grouped in twos and threes instead of givenall at once. (Baddeley, 1993) Another part ofshort-term memory is called chunking, used for theimmediate recall of letters rather than numbers. .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c , .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c .postImageUrl , .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c , .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c:hover , .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c:visited , .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c:active { border:0!important; } .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c:active , .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3845d41168a056ab6a1f64c6718cdc4c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Make Prostitution Legal EssayWhen told to remember and repeat the letters q sv l e r c i i u k, only a person with an excellentimmediate memory would be able to do so. But, ifthe same letters were given this way, q u i c k s i lv e r, the results would be Memory 5 different. What is the difference between the twosequences? The first were 11 unrelated letters,and the second were chunked into two wordswhich makes this task easier. (1993) Short-termmemory recall is slightly better for randomnumbers than for random letters, which sometimeshave similar sounds. It is better for informationheard rather than seen. Still, the basic principalshold true: At any given moment, we can processonly a very limited amount of information.(Myers, 1995) The next part in the memoryprocess involves the encoding and merging ofinformation from short-term into long-termmemory. Long-term memory is understood ashaving three separate stages: transfer, storage, andretrieval. Once information has entered LTM, witha size that appears to be essentially unlimited, it ismaintained by repetition or organization. A majorpart of the transfer process concerns how learnedinformation is coded into memory. Long-term andshort-term memory are thought to have differentorganizations. Where the STM i s seen as beingorganized by time, LTM is organized by meaningand association then put into categories. Forexample, our memory takes in Coke and Pepsi asdrinks then organizes and puts them in categoriessuch as soda. An important role in the transferringof information into long-term memory is rehearsal. Memory 6 The critical aspect is the type ofrehearsal or processing that takes place during theinput time. Simple repetition, which serves only tomaintain the immediate availability of an item, doeslittle if anything to enhance subsequent recall. Active processes such as elaboration,transformation, and recoding are activities thathave been found to enhance recall. (Asken,1987) Information that is stored in LTM is storedin the same form as it was originally encoded. Major forms of storage are episodic memory andsemantic memory. Episodic memory involvesremembering particular incidents, such as visitingthe doctor a week ago. Semantic memoryconcerns knowledge about the world. It holdsmeanings of words or any general informationlearned. Knowledge of the capitals of all the stateswould be stored in semantic memory. A Canadianpsychologist, Endel Tulving discovered that therewas more activity in the front of the brain whenepisodic memories were being retrieved,compared to more activity towards the back ofthe brain with semantic memory. Retrieval, thethird process related to LTM, is the finding andretrieving of information from long-term storage. The cues necessary to retrieve information frommemory are the same cues that were used toencode the material. Memory 7 For some,positive memories are recalled through music. Certain songs remind people of special times spentwith friends. Couples sometimes have songs thatremind them of their time spent together. Everyonehas some way of remembering good times fromthe past. Along with positive memories come thenegative ones, which are suppressed deep in ourminds. Another word for negative is traumatic, anexperience beyond the range of usual humanexperience, (Sidran Foundation, 1994) and isbrought about with intense fear, terror andhelplessness. Examples include a serious threat toones life (or that of ones children, spouse, etc.),rape, military combat, natural or accidentaldisasters, and torture. So how does trauma affectmemory? People use their natural ability to avoidconcern of a traumatic experience while thetrauma is happening. This causes the memoriesabout the traumatic events to emerge later. Peoplewith Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) whohave survived horrific events experience extremerecall of the event. Some people say they arehaunted by memor ies of traumatic experiences thatdisrupt their daily lives. They cannot get thepictures of the trauma out of their head. Thisbrings recurring nightmares, flashbacks, or evenreliving the trauma as if it were happening now. .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651 , .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651 .postImageUrl , .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651 , .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651:hover , .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651:visited , .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651:active { border:0!important; } .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651:active , .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651 .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf8f4448a6cb6de7a281ae6e7c5cef651:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken EssayVietnam veterans experience this symptombecause of what Memory 8 they saw and livedthrough. Some researchers have proven in thelaboratory that ordinary or slightly stressfulmemories are easily distorted. However, thislaboratory research on ordinary memory may beirrelevant in regard to memories of traumaticexperiences. Other scientists argue that traumaticmemories are different from ordinary memories inthe way they are encoded in the brain. Evidenceshows trauma is stored in the part of the braincalled the limbic system, which processes feelingsand sensory input, but not language or speech. (1994) People who have been traumatized maylive with memories of terror, though with little orno real memories to explain the feelings. Sometimes a current event may trigger longforgotten memories of earlier trauma. The triggersmay be any sound or smell like a particularcologne which was worn by an attacker. Whetherremembered or not, the memories are stored inthe brain, and today with hypnosis, recall can bringforth what has been deeply suppressed. Thequestion is, does one really want to know what isnot remembered? Along with memories that arerecovered, comes the effects that follow. Short-term memory holds every experienceencountered, while long-term memory retains onlywhats important. Memory is stored throughepisodic and semantic memory. The retrieval ofdecoded information occurs the same way it wasMemory 9 encoded. Memory is affected throughpositive and negative emotions, some rememberedothers suppressed. Not only is memory used todwell in the past, it also helps formulate thepresent and the future.

International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology

Questions: Task1 a) Critically discuss stages of system development lifecycle b) Discuss the most appropriate uses of different development lifecycle modelsc) Create feasibility report for Dawn Blockbuster and justify the investment will improve the functionality of organisation d) Evaluate the Impact of different feasibility criteria in systems investigationTask 2a) Undertake a system investigation based on the above scenario and produce a questionnaire to support your system development.b) Using appropriate systems analysis tools I. Draw a level one data flow diagram for the above management system.II. Draw an entity relationship diagram for the above management system.c) Briefly write the documentation for your investigation of Dawn Blockbuster.d) Briefly discuss and evaluate user and systems requirements of Dawn Blockbuster. Answers: Introduction: Dawn Blockbuster is one of the best movie rental providers. Netfix and Redbox are one of its strong competitors. It acquires a huge part of customers and therefore had to suffer with heavy traffic. The new customers who want to be its part have to wait for a long time for the registration process as day by day its customers are increasing unanimously. So it has to face a lot problem and difficulties because handling of so many databases is not easy work. But by using a perfect System Development Lifecycle model these issues could be resolved. Further considering the assignment the Waterfall model of system development lifecycle is proposed. 1. Stages of System Development Lifecycle: The system development lifecycle is a series of different stages with different strategies to analyze, design, construct, implementing innovations to handle heavy traffic and maintaining co-ordination (R.2014). Movie rental stores might have to face problems regarding resource and traffic. However, the SDLC part includes following stages Figure 1: System Development Lifecycle Planning: During this phase the main objective of the project is determined and after that product requirements are considered. A cost estimation chart is prepared which includes personnel and costs along with estimation for new products as per demand. The manpower is estimated as per customers requirement. Analysis: The analysis phase provides an approx estimation of requirements considering the end - users. Also, future strategy and operations regarding increment or decrement are analyzed. The project team prepares and handover a blueprint considering all the requirements of the client and management and take a step forward with the system. Now the design part is also important because Design: This is the architectural part of the system designing (Ahmed et al.2015). The flow design of a movie rental store should be such that it includes available sections of its DVDs collection, Different Category wise divisions (like Animation based, Action, and Comedy, etc.) so that the customer easily could find out as per their requirements. There should be a customer category division as their registration time that enables one to find customer details and make the process easy in updating transaction details of a particular customer. This design strategy is very helpful for the systems facing problem due to heavy traffic. Construction: After finishing design estimation the execution part of the SDLC starts. Here the developers execute the plans prescribed in the design part. The database design is created considering the future traffic so that it remains easy when new client or customer requests their desire to join the project. During construction test, a sample is created and revised as many times as required to refine the procedure. Test: During test stage all plans and strategies and tested that they are working properly or not to maintain the daily transactions, new entries, and heavy traffic. Testing examine the system for integration of older version with that of the new versions keeping upcoming in mind. However, the vital task of a testing stage is to verify that the system contains all the requirements of the end users, testing of integration of older and newer versions. Rollout: Rollout occurs when the customer has requested for any transaction or order, but before completion he got information about something new, upgraded or latest version and wanted to cancel the previous order. So rollout enables customers to receive the latest version of system product as an update and full-scale conversation (Liu, 2013). After rollback, the administration of the system receive feedback from the customers and try to improvise the issues as per required. Now the system development lifecycle includes different methods regarding different organizational projects and works. Some of these are as follow- Waterfall model Spiral model Iterative model Agile Model V- Model Rad model 2. Appropriate model for system: From the above question, analyst decides that the waterfall model is mostly appropriate for developing the system. The Dawn Blockbuster which is a biggest movie rental in London has not any proper system to process the overall job without mistake and problem (Allelein et al. 2012). For this system needs to be totally full planned, maintained and throughout designed. In the above questioned analyst description and design should totally follow the waterfall model to avoid heavy traffic and collision keeping co-ordination. The first process which is introduced to design the life cycle of any system software is water fall model as proposed. It is simple to understand and use. It has no overlapping process in its total life cycle from beginning to end. For approaches the process of software development, it is launched very earlier (Carone et al.,2015). Waterfall model is the first widely use SDLC model in the software engineering which got a lot of success on project. Following the waterfall models diagram is drawn. Fig: Water fall model Analysis of the requirement: In this phase all the requirements which are possible in the system are analyzed. These requirements are needed to develop the life cycle system design. Design of the system: Design is the architectural phase for a system design. The processing data flow is developed by based on the first phase of waterfall models life cycle. In this phase system is designed by the charts, dataflow structure, logical term and condition etc. which are the mostly base requirements for designing the system. For specifying hardware, requirements of the system and also for defining the overall architecture of the system, system design is very much helpful. Implementation the system: In this phase developer develops the code to design the system. During this phase, the plans are executed by the developer after which it is laid out. Firstly, in the implementation phase developer develops the code in small unit or programs. Next database, over all code for the process and the actual whole system is designed by the developer. In the phase of construction or the implementation, prepared the test data and the required code is process completely for ready to test. Test: All the programs those are developed in the construction phase are tested. Firstly unit testing is done that means the codes are tested each unit. After unit testing or the unit testing the whole system is needed to test for detect any error or failure. After system testing, the tester overcomes the failure of the system. Maintenance: After overcoming the failure of the system maintenance is the most important part. Sometime there faced some issues. Those issues are mainly coming up from the clients side. To enhance the future scope the system need to maintain properly. The maintenance is needed to do the customer side as well as the organisation side. The situations where waterfall model can be used efficiently are- The requirements are well structured, fixed and cleared. The definition is stabled. Its technology is easy to understand and it is static. There have no any requirements which are ambiguous. The requirement resources are available to support and develop the project. The project became short if it follows the waterfall model. 3. Evaluation of the different feasibility criteria in system investigation: In this part, analyst discuss about the different possibilities and the importance of the water fall model. Mainly, discursion is all about the advantages and the importance of that model. In that case, Dawn Blockbuster has some problem which is faced mainly by store staff and the members of the rental. Previously, analyst discussed about the entire things of waterfall model. Importance of waterfall model: The waterfall model is one of the mature and most primitive development methods. For the appropriate certification, analyzed data are required which would help for further development. In case of design, each store staff works separately and allocates members for development. Another importance of this model is performance. Basically, operational part is transformed in device language and store in computer which is easy for staff as well as members for further development (Zhang et al., 2013). Error free method is one of the main elements of the model. Different tools, various strategies are used in this model for helping the staff and the members. In the model, effective staff is much needed and increased the membership fees which will help the financially for future prospect of the company. Advantage of the waterfall model: This is very simple model which understands for all classes staff and its helped the members. Minimum income is required for this model. Substantial progress is believed by the staff and the members of the rental. It has extremely visible. In work place, mental factors are also play a critical role for development. In case of waterfall model, it is very simple for staff to work under this process. After each section, output is visible and easy to handle those things by staff and members. For each section, deadline will be fixed for members to submit their books and cards in the time. Time to time, appraise can be done by staffs. The entire things are maintained by this model and set a goal for the deadline of cards. To develop the system of Dawn Blockbuster, this model is important to develop rather than disorganized methods. This model is very much preferable as well as important for staff and members. 4. Feasibility reports for Dawn Blockbuster: Dawn Blockbuster is the main movies letting in London. There are some problems occur in this situation. In this section, analyst makes analysis about the main problems. If a member scrounges three DVDs against three cards from the store, that person will not get extra DVDs from stores. If a member fails to return those DVDs on the specific deadline, then those members are chargeable for that. There are many problems occurs about the cards (Du et al., 2012). When a member or store staffs loses the cards, it will be difficult to check those problems because there is no database system for saving those data in regular basis. In that case, database must be needed for the members as well as staffs. Sometimes, DVD status must be needed for the store staff for issuing the cards. In the corporal system, searching about status is very hard work for every staff. Then, management require the entire reports of DVDs in terms of status, numbers, accounts etc. This is awaked job for staff. 5. Functionality for investment improvement: Analyst works on this topic and improving the whole problem in step by steps. Firstly, database will be made for staff and the members of the store for contain all the details of the DVDs such as numbers, status, dates etc. Many areas have been improved such as cards issue, deadline issues and others. In the case of cards issue, if a card is lost then no money will be paid for that from the staff or the members of the stores. Database will be assigned for helping the management system of Dawn Blockbuster. 6.System investigation: When the new SDLC system introduced into the Dawn Blockbuster, Usually, it is intended to brace the job execute by the rental. The new system is fully dependent on the executed system. The system is handled with the information and also maintain the functions (Sun, 2014). The aim of the system is remained unchanged. The new system design provided by the analysis of the existing system. The other reasons of the system investigation are, From the system investigation, an investigator can determine the future scope of the system. The investigator can evaluate the complexity of the system. Then the developer can overcome the complexity to growth the system quality. In the system, the information is necessary to plan the project and allocated the required resources. System investigation is very important to increase the members confidence. Some aspects of the system investigation are The data and operation of the system are easy to understand among all the members. It is needed to determine what is the problem and then how overcome the problem. The Dawn Blockbuster needs to determine the boundary of the system for developing the growth of the profit. 7. a)The data flow diagram for the above management system. 7.b)An entity relationship diagram for the above management system 8. Investigation Report: Analyst discuss about the full documentation of Dawn blockbuster under the waterfall model. Analyst investigates the entire problem and discusses about the solution. Analyst analyses on the issues and draw a proper model for that. The entire requirement which will be required for the development of the store management. Then, a design is needed for the store and implement those elements in a proper ways. Many things like customers id, numbers, publishers name, movie name, language, cast etc. DVDs has also some elements which are store details, financial details, suppliers details etc. Those elements are tested in proper way and implemented in particular place. Lastly, maintain all those elements and control whole system with the help of water fall model. Each store staff works separately and allocates members for development. Firstly, the store needs a database management system for the entire staff and the members who are registered. In this database, staffs needs to allocate total amount of data which is basically based on the DVDs price, number, name, title etc. There is also publisher, members and Brower who has lots of documents which is also assigns in the database for the helps of the management of Dawn Blockbuster. If many number of members come together at a time for borrow the DVDs then staffs mind feel haphazard, members do not get the proper DVDs. In that case, management should recruit more amounts of staff for avoiding the haphazard situation. Effective staff is much needed and increased the membership fees which will help the financially for future prospect of the company. The total amount of fees of per cards which is lost by members creates a big issue for management. In that case, if member do not pay the amount for the issue, it will be much more benefited for the management of that store. Staff fess should be increased and allocates more amounts of staff for handling the entire members. A proper deadline should be maintained for all members and staff who borrow the DVDs. 9. Requirements of User and the System: From the above discussion, it is clear that after ER modelling activities such as entity and attribute relationship and verification of all the stages takes place in a sequential manner. The ER diagram should be fully clarified to give a perfect scenario of all the works that will be performed in the movie rental store (Liu et al.,2014). All customers and employees should be defined in a data dictionary, which is used in the normalization process to help in elimination of the anomalies and redundancy problems. Along with Waterfall model, the store should use a strong Database Management System (DBMS) that makes the system reliable for every changes and update and avoid collisions. During the modelling process, the system, as well as the system design, must contains- The Proper definition of the entity (Customer, publisher), attributes (Name, Id, address) with appropriate primary key and foreign keys (Category). A proper way to make decisions regarding new entries keeping in mind that end-users do not arise objection. Make the decision regarding treatment of multivalued and composite attributes of customers and adding them to satisfy requirements that are already processing. Avoid ternary relationships that are not needed. It should acquire all data elements in the database. Now, the customers mostly attracted due to new and upgraded collections that are launching day by day. So the shop honour must have good contacts with more publishers of different type of categories. It enables to increase the attraction of the customers to the rental shop (Gillespie et al., 2012).. After getting the appropriate material as per demand, the system needs a simple structure (Waterfall model structure) and process so that the customer does not feel it complex when being one of its parts and borrowing DVDs. The model that is proposed makes the system reliable to apply these requirements. Considering the proposed ER model and DFD the system design should be such that there should be wise category divisions in the store considering different customers different interest of fields that would enable them to find their requirements (Khemprasit and Esichaikul, 2015). The system should collect certain caution money as required from the new registered customers at the time of reg istration and it should be returned when customer ends all the transaction and want to erase their registration from the database of the store. The customer should also follow the system rules to work the system of the store properly and efficiently. Like the customer should return the DVDs borrowed in time otherwise they have to pay late fine automatically by deducting from the caution money. Using the proposed SDLC model and a strong database management system provides the store to be free from complexity, reliability, reduction of the collision, easy way to add new entries and strong systemization between customers and system. The good systematic work would help the system for increasing the registration charge as per services providing. Thus by this strategy the store would be benefitted as well as the customers too (Khemprasit and Esichaikul, 2015).. Good service attracts Conclusion: The proposed architectural model (Waterfall Model) had already been used by most of the systems that are still working efficiently (Ma, 2014). In the given system, the waterfall model would enable the system to overcome the heavy load as well as problems of co-ordination between the customers and the system administration. The strong Database system reduces the problem of updating the details of the customers at every step. The database remains such that it is linked internally with attributes of the entity and therefore automatically the information gets updated entirely regarding the entity (customer) while making the change at one place. The waterfall model would make the Dawn Blockbuster system very efficient for processing of all the works and in applying innovations in different interest areas when needed expansion. In this way, the Store would be benefitted to expand its area and also in making a limited number of new registrations each month as they wanted (Yushui and Jianjun , (2013). References: R. (2014). DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF WORM PAIR USED IN SELF-LOCKING SYSTEM WITH DEVELOPMENT OF MANUAL CLUTCH. 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